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1 publication order number: tlv431a/d ? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2002 february, 2002 rev. 3 tlv431a low voltage precision adjustable shunt regulator the tlv431a series are precision low voltage s hunt regulators that are programmable over a wide voltage range of 1.24 v to 16 v. this series features a guaranteed reference accuracy of 1.0% at 25 c and 2.0% over the entire industrial temperature range of 40 c to 85 c. these devices exhibit a sharp low current turnon characteristic with a low dynamic impedance of 0.20 w over an operating current range of 100 a to 20 ma. this combination of features makes this series an excellent replacement for zener diodes in numerous applications circuits that require a precise reference voltage. when combined with an optocoupler, the tlv431a can be used as an error amplifier for controlling the feedback loop in isolated low output voltage (3.0 v to 3.3 v) switching power supplies. these devices are available in economical tsop5 and to92 packages. features ? programmable output voltage range of 1.24 v to 16 v ? voltage reference tolerance 1.0% ? sharp low current turnon characteristic ? low dynamic output impedance of 0.20 w from 100 a to 20 ma ? wide operating current range of 50 a to 20 ma ? micro miniature tsop5 and to92 packages applications ? low output voltage (3.0 v to 3.3 v) switching power supply error amplifier ? adjustable voltage or current linear and switching power supplies ? voltage monitoring ? current source and sink circuits ? analog and digital circuits requiring precision references ? low voltage zener diode replacements - + 1.24 v ref reference (r) cathode (k) anode (a) figure 1. representative block diagram device package shipping ordering information tlv431alp to92 tlv431alpra to92 to92 lp suffix case 29 1 2 3 http://onsemi.com tsop5 sn suffix case 483 1. reference 2. anode 3. cathode 1 2 3 5 4 anode reference nc nc cathode 5 4 1 2 3 raayw 6000 / box 2000 / tape & reel tlv431alpre to92 2000 / tape & reel tlv431alprm to92 tlv431alprp to92 2000 / ammo pack 2000 / ammo pack tlv431asnt1 tsop5 3000 / tape & reel raa = device code y = year w = work week tlv43 1alp alyww marking diagram pin connections and device marking (top view) a = assembly location l = wafer lot y = year ww = work week
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 2 reference (r) cathode (k) anode (a) anode (a) reference (r) cathode (k) the device contains 13 active transistors. device symbol figure 2. representative device symbol and schematic diagram maximum ratings (full operating ambient temperature range applies, unless otherwise noted) rating symbol value unit cathode to anode voltage v ka 18 v cathode current range, continuous (note 1) i k 20 to 25 ma reference input current range, continuous i ref 0.05 to 10 ma thermal characteristics lp suffix package thermal resistance, junctiontoambient thermal resistance, junctiontocase sn suffix package thermal resistance, junctiontoambient r ja r jc r ja 178 83 226 c/w operating junction temperature t j 150 c operating ambient temperature range (note 1) t a 40 to 85 c storage temperature range t stg 65 to 150 c 1. maximum package power dissipation limits must not be exceeded. p d t j(max) t a r ja note: this device series contains esd protection and exceeds the following tests: human body model 2000 v per milstd883, method 3015. machine model method 200 v. recommended operating conditions condition symbol min max unit cathode to anode voltage v ka v ref 16 v cathode current i k 0.1 20 ma
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (t a = 25 c unless otherwise noted) characteristic symbol min typ max unit reference voltage (figure 3) (v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t a = 25 c) (t a = t low to t high , note 2) v ref 1.228 1.215 1.240 e 1.252 1.265 v reference input voltage deviation over temperature (figure 3) (v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t a = t low to t high , notes 2, 3) v ref 7.2 20 mv ratio of reference input voltage change to cathode voltage change (figure 4) (v ka = v ref to 16 v, i k = 10 ma) v ref v ka 0.6 1.5 mv v reference terminal current (figure 4) (i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k w , r2 = open) i ref 0.15 0.3 m a reference input current deviation over temperature (figure 4) (i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k w , r2 = open, notes 2, 3) i ref 0.04 0.08 m a minimum cathode current for regulation (figure 3) i k(min) 55 80 m a offstate cathode current (figure 5) (v ka = 6.0 v, v ref = 0) (v ka = 16 v, v ref = 0) i k(off) 0.01 0.012 0.04 0.05 m a dynamic impedance (figure 3) (v ka = v ref , i k = 0.1 ma to 20 ma, f 1.0 khz, note 4) |z ka | 0.25 0.4 w 2. ambient temperature range: t low = 40 c, t high = 85 c. 3. the deviation parameters v ref and i ref are defined as the difference between the maximum value and minimum value obtained over the full operating ambient temperature range that applied. v ref max v ref min t 1 t 2 ambient temperature v ref = v ref max v ref min t a = t 2 t 1 the average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, a v ref is defined as: a v ref
ppm c
( v ref ) v ref (t a 25 c) 10 6 t a a v ref can be positive or negative depending on whether v ref min or v ref max occurs at the lower ambient temperature, refer to figure 8. example: v ref = 7.2 mv and the slope is positive, example: v ref @ 25 c = 1.241 v example: t a = 125 c a v ref
ppm c 0.0072 1.241 125 46 ppm c 10 6 4. the dynamic impedance z ka is defined as: ? z ka ? v ka i k when the device is operating with two external resistors, r1 and r2, (refer to figure 4) the total dynamic impedance of the cir cuit is given by: ? z ka ? ? z ka ?
1 r1 r2
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 4 figure 3. test circuit for v ka = v ref figure 4. test circuit for v ka v ref figure 5. test circuit for i k(off) i k input v ka v ref i k(off) input v ka i k input v ka v ref i ref r2 r1 v ka v ref
1 r1 r2 i ref r1 vref (min) vref (typ) figure 6. cathode current vs. cathode voltage figure 7. cathode current vs. cathode voltage figure 8. reference input voltage versus ambient temperature figure 9. reference input current versus ambient temperature v ka , cathode voltage (v) 30 20 10 0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 i k , cathode current (ma) v ka , cathode voltage (v) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 90 70 50 30 10 10 30 i k , cathode current ( a) 10 110 t a , ambient temperature ( c) 1.25 1.23 35 10 15 40 v ref , reference input voltage (v) t a , ambient temperature ( c) 85 60 35 10 15 40 0.14 0.13 0.12 i ref , reference input current ( a) 1.22 0.15 85 60 1.24 i k input v ka v ka = v ref t a = 25 c i k input v ka v ka = v ref t a = 25 c i k input v ka i k = 10 ma 10 k i ref v ka = v ref i k = 10 ma input i k v ka vref (max) i k(min)
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 5 figure 10. reference input voltage change versus cathode voltage figure 11. offstate cathode current versus cathode voltage figure 12. offstate cathode current versus ambient temperature figure 13. dynamic impedance versus frequency figure 14. dynamic impedance versus ambient temperature figure 15. openloop voltage gain versus frequency v ka , cathode voltage (v) 0 2.0 6.0 8.0 12 8.0 4.0 0 v ref , reference input voltage change (mv) v ka , cathode voltage (v) 20 12 8.0 4.0 0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 i k(off) , cathode current ( a) 10 4.0 4.0 16 t a , ambient temperature ( c) 0.4 0.3 35 10 15 40 i off , off-state cathode current ( a) f, frequency (hz) 10 m 10 k 1.0 k 0.1 | , dynamic impedance (ohm) 0 10 0.1 100 k 1.0 m 60 85 1.0 za| t a , ambient temperature ( c) 0.23 0.21 0.20 35 10 15 40 |za|, dynamic impedance (ohm) f, frequency (hz) 1.0 m 1.0 k 100 50 40 30 20 10 0 a vol , open loop voltage gain (db) 0.19 60 0.22 10 k 100 k 85 60 0.24 i off input v ka v ka = 16 v v ref = 0 v i off input v ka v ka = 16 v v ref = 0 v i k input v ka r1 r2 v ref 8.25 k 15 k i k 230 output 9 f 50 + output i k + i k = 10 ma t a = 25 c i k = 0.1 ma to 20 ma t a = 25 c i k = 10 ma t a = 25 c 0.2 i k = 0.1 ma to 20 ma f = 1.0 khz 50 + output i k t a = 25 c 16
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 6 t a = 25 c c l , load capacitance 10 pf 100 pf 20 15 10 5.0 0 i k , cathode current (ma) 25 1.0 nf 0.01 f 0.1 f 100 f 1.0 f 10 f c a b d stable stable stable figure 16. spectral noise density figure 17. pulse response f, frequency (hz) 350 275 10 k 1.0 k 100 10 noise voltage (nv/ 250 300 100 k 325 figure 18. stability boundary conditions i k v ka = v ref i k = 10 ma t a = 25 c i ref input output 50 pulse generator f = 100 khz output input hz) figure 19. test circuit for figure 18 c l i k 1.0 k v+ output input 1.8 k 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10. 0 0 2.0 0 0.5 (volts) 1.0 1.5 t, time ( m s) t a = 25 c 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 unstable regions v ka (v) r1 (k ) a, c v ref b, d 5.0 0 30.4 r2 r1 r2 (k ) 10 stability figures 18 and 19 show the stability boundaries and circuit configurations for the worst case conditions with the load capacitance mounted as close as possible to the device. the required load capacitance for stable operation can vary depending on the operating temperature and capacitor equivalent series resistance (esr). ceramic or tantalum surface mount capacitors are recommended for both temperature and esr. the application circuit stability should be verified over the anticipated operating current and temperature ranges.
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 7 figure 20. shunt regulator figure 21. high current shunt regulator v out
1 r1 r2 v ref v out
1 r1 r2 v ref r1 r2 v out v in r1 r2 v out v in typical applications figure 22. output control for a three terminal fixed regulator figure 23. series pass regulator v out
1 r1 r2 v ref v out(min) v ref 5.0 v v out
1 r1 r2 v ref v out(min) v ref v be 2.0 v v in v out r1 r2 v in v out r1 r2 out in mc7805 common
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 8 figure 24. constant current source figure 25. constant current sink i out v ref r cl i sink v ref r s figure 26. triac crowbar v out(trip)
1 r1 r2 v ref figure 27. scr crowbar v out(trip)
1 r1 r2 v ref v in v out r cl v in r s i sink v in v out r2 v in v out r1 r2 r1 i out
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 9 figure 28. voltage monitor figure 29. singlesupply comparator with temperaturecompensated threshold figure 30. linear ohmmeter figure 31. simple 400 mw phono amplifier lower limit
1 r1 r2 v ref l.e.d. indicator is `on' when v in is between the upper and lower limits, upper limit
1 r3 r4 v ref v in v out v ref v+ 0.74 v v ref led r1 r2 r3 r4 v in v+ v out v in 10 k calibrate - + 25 v 5.0 v v out 25 v 2.0 ma 5 k 1% 50 k 1% 1.0 m 1% range r x 1n5305 1.0 k v 1.0 m v 10 k v 500 k 1% 100 k v 360 k 56 k 10 k 330 t1 8.0 38 v 470 f 1.0 f 0.05 f + 25 k volume 47 k t1 = 330 to 8.0 r x v out v range *thermalloy * thm 6024 * heatsink on * lp package. * tone
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 10 figure 32. isolated output line powered switching power supply the above circuit shows the tlv431a as a compensated amplifier controlling the feedback loop of an isolated output line powered switching regulator. the output voltage is programmed to 3.3 v by the resistors values selected for r1 and r2. the minimum output voltage that can be programmed with this circuit is 2.64 v, and is limited by the sum of the reference voltage (1.24 v) and the forward drop of the optocoupler light emitting diode (1.4 v). capacitor c1 provides loop compensation. gate drive v cc controller v fb gnd current sense dc output 3.3 v r1 3.0 k r2 1.8 k 100 ac input c1 0.1 f
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 11 package dimensions to92 lp suffix plastic package case 2911 issue al notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. contour of package beyond dimension r is uncontrolled. 4. lead dimension is uncontrolled in p and beyond dimension k minimum. r a p j l b k g h section xx c v d n n xx seating plane dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.175 0.205 4.45 5.20 b 0.170 0.210 4.32 5.33 c 0.125 0.165 3.18 4.19 d 0.016 0.021 0.407 0.533 g 0.045 0.055 1.15 1.39 h 0.095 0.105 2.42 2.66 j 0.015 0.020 0.39 0.50 k 0.500 --- 12.70 --- l 0.250 --- 6.35 --- n 0.080 0.105 2.04 2.66 p --- 0.100 --- 2.54 r 0.115 --- 2.93 --- v 0.135 --- 3.43 --- 1 tsop5 sn suffix plastic package case 48301 issue b notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. maximum lead thickness includes lead finish thickness. minimum lead thickness is the minimum thickness of base material. dim min max min max inches millimeters a 2.90 3.10 0.1142 0.1220 b 1.30 1.70 0.0512 0.0669 c 0.90 1.10 0.0354 0.0433 d 0.25 0.50 0.0098 0.0197 g 0.85 1.05 0.0335 0.0413 h 0.013 0.100 0.0005 0.0040 j 0.10 0.26 0.0040 0.0102 k 0.20 0.60 0.0079 0.0236 l 1.25 1.55 0.0493 0.0610 m 0 10 0 10 s 2.50 3.00 0.0985 0.1181 0.05 (0.002) 123 54 s a g l b d h c k m j
tlv431a http://onsemi.com 12 minimum recommended footprint for surface mounted applications surface mount board layout is a critical portion of the total design. the footprint for the semiconductor packages must be the correct size to insure proper solder connection interface between the board and the package. with the correct pad geometry, the packages will self align when subjected to a solder reflow process. inches mm 0.028 0.7 0.074 1.9 0.037 0.95 0.037 0.95 0.094 2.4 0.039 1.0 tsop5 (footprint compatible with sot235) on semiconductor and are trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. atypicalo parameters which may be provided in scill c data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including atypicalso must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body , or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthori zed use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. publication ordering information japan : on semiconductor, japan customer focus center 4321 nishigotanda, shinagawaku, tokyo, japan 1410031 phone : 81357402700 email : r14525@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : http://onsemi.com for additional information, please contact your local sales representative. tlv431a/d literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 5163, denver, colorado 80217 usa phone : 3036752175 or 8003443860 toll free usa/canada fax : 3036752176 or 8003443867 toll free usa/canada email : onlit@hibbertco.com n. american technical support : 8002829855 toll free usa/canada

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